Ceramic Chemical Structure

The ionic and covalent bonds of ceramics are responsible for many unique properties of these materials such as high hardness high melting points low thermal expansion and good chemical resistance but also for some undesirable characteristics foremost being brittleness which leads to fractures unless the material is toughened by reinforcing agents or by other means.

Ceramic chemical structure. This is why ceramics generally have the following properties. For example the ceramic mineral feldspar one of the components of granite has the formula kalsi 3 o 8. Typical alumina al 2 o 3 99 5 properties. Silicon dioxide sio 2 other ceramic materials including many minerals have complex and even variable compositions.

Hardness contributing to resistance against wear. Ordinarily ceramics are poor conductors of electricity and therefore make excellent insulators. Charge balance dictates chemical formula. Ceradyne and ceramic industry disclaim any and all liability from error omissions or inaccuracies in the above chart.

In ionically bonded ceramics bonding electrons are accepted by the electronegative elements such as oxygen and. Achieve closest packing. They withstand chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic environments. The two most common chemical bonds for ceramic materials are covalent and ionic.

The chemical bonds in ceramics can be covalent ionic or polar covalent depending on the chemical composition of the ceramic. Alumina represents the most commonly used ceramic material in industry. These structures and chemical ingredients though various result in universally recognized ceramic like properties of enduring utility including the following. Nonconductivity arises from the lack of free electrons such as those found in metals.

Mechanical strength in spite of brittleness. Silicate ceramics as mentioned previously the silica structure is the basic structure for many ceramics as well as glass. A ceramic material is an inorganic non metallic often crystalline oxide nitride or carbide material. The bonding of atoms together is much stronger in covalent and ionic bonding than in metallic.

Thermal and electrical. A few of the different types of ceramic materials outside of the glass family are described below. Some elements such as carbon or silicon may be considered ceramics ceramic materials are brittle hard strong in compression and weak in shearing and tension. Ceramic composition and properties ceramic composition and properties nonconductivity.

High hardness high compressive strength and chemical inertness. Chemical durability against the deteriorating effects of oxygen water acids bases salts and organic solvents.